Answers to the first activity of philosophical Interpretations
Answers to the first activity of philosophical Interpretations
Trojan
1. What kind of positive hero did you fin din Trojan War? And why?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
When I showed the film of Troy on the screen, the children solved the following exercises. Before the film we were talking about Troy. We recalled what we learned in the 5th class, than we found it on the map, than came the film. Everybody got a character, of which they should know as much as possible about their actor according to the film and my supplement.
1. What did you know about them? Collecting the main features!
Hektor:
- his father is the king of Troy
- prince, who fights with Akhilleus, but he lost
- his body was outraged by Akhilleus
- 9 days of his burial
- He is loving father of the family, providing husband
- He is faithful to his family and country
Akhilleus:
- demigod, warrior, general, stubborn, brave
- he has mercy on everybody, it needed (he lets Briseis go gives back the corpse of Hektor to Priamosz)
- he killed Hektor
- he has passionate nature
- unbeatable
Odüsseus:
- faithful friend, everybody can count on him
- he is a conciliater between parties
- ingenious and wise man
- he fights with trick
- his idea was the wooden horse
Menelaos:
- he is quick tempered, he is rude, unforgiving
- confident, persevering
- offended husband, who is excellent warrior and general
Agamemnon:
- he is guided by domination desire
- impatient, determined, blinded, isn’t chivalrous
- he is interested just in domination
Paris:
- he is the brother of Hektor
- he is blinded by love
- stubborn, persevering, but he is coward in the battle
- his father is the king of Troy
Briseis:
- she is the sister of Paris and daughter of Priamos
- she heeds eternal virginity, she serves for Apollon as a priestwoman
- she was kidnaped by the Spartans
- Akhilleus falls in love with her
- She stands up for herself, she is self-willed, kind-hearted
Heléna:
- she is the most beautiful woman in the world
- she is the wife of Menelaos, who is responsible for the war of Troy
- she is afraid that hundrads will die because of her
Priamosz:
- he is the old king of Troy
- he is the father of Hektor and Paris
- wise and respectable man
2. Who belongs to which group?
|
Troyans |
Greeks – Spartans |
|
Priamos, Paris, Hektor, Briseis |
Akhilleus, Menelaos, Agamemnon, Odüsseus, Helena |
3. Who is the person I have in mind?
Hektor’s wife: Andromakhe
Akhilleus’s mother: Thetis
The best friend of Akhilleus: Patroklos
Helena’s husband: Menelaos
4. Put them in chronological order!
1. Apollon got angry with the Greeks, who besieged Troy, because Agamemnon offended his priestwoman, and she was kidnaped. That’s why Apollon sent plague to the Greek army.
4. Hektor’s corpse is outraged by Akhilleus.
2. Akhilleus lent his armament to his friend.
5. Troyans prepared 9 days for the burial of their general.
3. Hektor killed Patroklos.
5. Which hero do you find simpatic? Why?
Odüsseus, because he thinks cleverly and logicaly. He is a conciliater between parties, who fights with trick. His idea helped the triumph of Greeks.
Akhlleus, because he is an excellent warrior. He is cruel but forgiving.
6. Choose those features, which you would like to have!
Faithfull, clever, brave, strong, tricky, excellent warrior
7. Make a Greek hero of yourself, who was at Troy! What did you do there?
I was one of the generals, who marched in Troy with their army.
I carved a horse in the Greek camp by the fire. This was what brought the idea of the wooden horse in Odüsseus’s mind.
I was one of the bowers from the turtle formation, who killed the Troys by hundreds.
8. Find yourself a name and a feature, what could survive to the posterity! Do it like a visiting card!
Answer from the Polish pupils:
Among many heroes taking part in the Trojan War, the figure, who can be called a positive hero is Hector.
Hector, is the bravest hero taking part in the Trojan War, the oldest son of Priam and Hecuba, the brother od Paris and Cassandra, the husband of Andromache. During the war he killed Patroclus, thinking he was Achilles, because he had an armour and a shield on him that belonged to brave Achilles. When this Greek warrior heard about his cousin’s death, Patroclus, he wanted to revenge his death and he killed Hector
Hector had an athletic body and he had extremely masculine features of the face. He tried not to indulge emotions. He was honourable and brave, and to this values he remained loyal to the end of his life. He also stood by his family, his wife and his son Astyanax very much. Hector loved his father, Priam, and his homeland –Troy, and for them he gave his life.
In our opinion, he is an ideal example of an ideal hero, because he was the figure who stood always by the side of the goodness.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
We found Hector as a positive hero in Trojan War.Because he always thought serviceableness of his country, he dedicated himself in order to protect his public from all kinds of jeopardy,he was a hero who took his decisions logically and he was a great commander.
2. What if every day live would be guided by Gods? Would it be good? Give details?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
- Which god helps who?
Apollon helps Aineas, Poseidon helps Aineas, Pallas Athene helps Hektor, Apollon helps Hektor
- A god of what?
Apollon – god of sun
Zeus – main god
Poseidon – god of the sea
Pallas Athene – god of the knowledge and wisdom
- Why are they interfere in the war?
They entertain themselves this way, all the war is just a game for them. They revenged on each other.
- Why are they envy the people?
We (people) can die, we have feelings, moral values (like faithfullness). Every moment is important in human life. Our actions have authority, because they have effect on our whole life.
- Who’s help would you ask for? Why?
I would ask for Pallas Athene’s help, because than I could cleverly decide, both in my life and in connection with the war.
I would ask for Poseidon, because good weather is important in shipping. May not storms be!
I would choose Zeus, because he stands above the other gods, so he is the bigest. The others obey him.
- What would happened, if modern people’s life would be influenced by different gods? Please argue!
It would be fine: The gods could help me in the decisions so humans would be happier. There would be less burden on their shoulder, but they would not decide about everything. They would always get what they want. The weather would be influenced by gods.
It would be bad: We wouldn’t have privacy, because gods would always intervene everything. They wouldn’t let us decide about our own life. If we offended them, they would revenge at the moment. The world would become excessivly undirectable.
Situation game
2 characters
one of them is a Greek god, who is cleaning without words, the other is just a simple mortal, who has to comment his own actions. The mortal doesn’t know the exercise of his god.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
The Greek myths present all the Gods who ruled the world. The Mount Olympus was their home, to which a human didn’t have an access (exept from Sisyphus, because he was their favourite for some time.)
Zeus headed to the rest of the Gods and together with them he controlled the lot of ordinary mortals. What would be if our world was ruled by the Gods? Having read chosen myths we understood that the Gods not always behaved in a way to make people lives better. The Gods were cruel to their subjects many times. They took care about their needs and not about the lot of the people who sacrificed themselves and built temples to them.
They more often controlled the lot of the human for their entertainment than for his good.
In our opinion, the lot of the human conducted by the gods would be much similar to the Odyseuss’s lot, who who went for a journey and probably it wouldn’t be a smaller epic. The human would need the same bravery and creativity to survive what the Gods would prepare for him. The Gods helped to some and to some they did just the opposite. They encumbered life. They were immortal, however, they resembled the people. They were as ordinary mortals. They conspired intriques. They felt jealousy or hate and their plans collapsed, people felt their anger very much.
And, however, our lot isn’t headed by the ancient Gods, the legend about Odysseus has a great influence on us. Every nation or the lot of every human is like the wandering, the journey during which many difficulties are met.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
If everyday life would be guided by gods human beings would be the ones who would be affected badly by the conflict among the gods and they would suffer a lot. For example, If god of war would want war and people would be directed to war on the other hand, god of beauty and peace would want to secure peace, this would cause conflict and it would even turn into war of gods. Human Beings couldn’t live their own life and could be directly harmed by this situation.
3. Why is fame and honour more important for ancient heroes than life inself?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
Getting to know the characters better with the assistance of the book.
1. Why is the fame and glory more important than life for ancient heros?
To be a model and to be admired. To be remember his deeds, to stand out of the crowd.
2. How can one obtain fame in the ancient history?
With victorious war or with clever idea for example wooden horse, invention. With beauty, bravery, cruelty too. Or if somebody was a great general.
3. How could Odüsseus obtain fame?
With his ingeniousity, with the idea of wooden horse.
4. How could Achilleus obtain fame?
With his strenght, unbeatability, vulnerability of his heels.
5. How could Hektor obtain fame?
With his strenght, faithfulness. He is the son of the king o Troy, Priamos.
6. How could Helena obtain fame?
With her beauty, she is responsible for the war of Troy – according to the myth.
7. How can you obtain fame today?
With good voice, talent, celebrity, advertising, scandals, crime, fraud, porno. Acting in reality show sor series.
8. Why is fame important?
You are recognized, people like you and ask signature from you. You will be popular, you will have a lot of money. Fame grows your ego. Your name survives in the common knowledge.
9. What would you choose?
To me happyness and family are more important, than being famous.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
The Antiquity loved life and all of its aspects. It loved the human as he was, the blessed and sinful. It loved him for himself and the human fascinated it all the time. The life and its perfection, taking advantage of all the sensual blessings which we bring with
For the ancient Greek the life for a fame and glory was more important, but here and now, and not after death. The ancient Greece loved great heroes, winners and it wasn’t interested in the lot of those who lost. That is why the honour and fame was more important than life itself. The figure of Achilles is the good example of it. The prophecy was connected with his life. He had to live long and happily and to die forgotten or to die very young and to chalk the glory up.
Achilles didn’t think too much about what he has to choose. The choice was obvious, he started the war against Trojans to gain the fame.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
The most precious thing that the major warriors who dedicated themselves to fight was their honour.Because they desired to be termed with their fame and honour forever when they were drawn to close. Besides they preferred to die rather than to be harmed by honour.Because they gave much importance to honour and fame.
4. How can Odyssey’s diplomatic role be seen?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
1. What shows Odüsseus’s diplomacy role?
H can convince the opponent, he plays like a consiliater, he has always some innovated idea.
2. Why is he a typical Greek hero?
Because he is faithful to his country and his king. He is intelligent, he honours the gods. He belongs together with other Greeks, because of the language too.
3. What is diplomacy today?
Discussion between countries, making alliances.
4. Who is diplomatic today?
Who can treat calmly, intelligently the situations between people.
5. Who is hero today?
Who can step up for the people.
Who lives his/her life in justice.
Who fights for noble aim.
Who saves the life of people.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
The main title hero of Odyssey is clever and cunning Odys, the King of Ithaka. The Trojan War has finished and the Greek are coming to their houses, but sometimes, as in the case of Odysseus, it lasts up to ten years. It happens so because of the anger of Poseidon. In the ninth year of his wandering the action of Odyssey starts and lasts about 40 days.In Odyssey the first place is devoted to an ideal cleverness, intelligence or even cunning. The main hero, thanks to the ability of diplomacy and cleverness, can overcome every problem. He is brave, strong but also curious of the world. In his character, differnently as in the case of Achilles, no important change takes place.
Diplomacy, the ability of positive and unbloody solving arguments is always respected. And it was so in the case of the King of Ithaka, to whom this ability gave a great prominence and fame.
The hero, apart from many difficulties, gets up to home of his beloved wife, Penelope. And maybe because of the fact that the most of his problems and obstacles are met during the Wandering, the King of Ithaka could solve them with the help of diplomacy. All The story about Odysseus is optimistic and positive.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
Before Trojan war Odyssey went to Troy City as a diplomat.Morever, when Apollon’s temple was raided,Odyssey was played an important diplomatic role.He brought the priest’s daughter ,who was kidnapped, accompanied by sacrificial animals to be immolated in the honour of Apollon.
5. Who can we call hero in today’s life?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
1. What does Odüsseus want to do?
He undertakes the war of Troy. He makes a sacrifice for his native land, he obtains glory, fame for his country. He unites with other town countries in the hope of triumph.
2. What is his stimulation?
He wants to prove his power. He wishes the respect of his people and the glory.
3. What does he want to reach?
His native land will be victorious from the war.
4. What will be the result of his undertaking?
They win the war, they could come home, but he wanders 10 years about the sea. He obtains fame with the wooden horse, and with his ingeniousity.
5. Is it worth for him to travel in Troy?
It’s worth, because he comes back like a hero. Survives his name.
It isn’t worth, because he wanders around the sea. He is far from his family for 20 years.
6. What would have you undertaken at that time?
Participation in the war. I would have taught the others for fight.
7. And today?
I would sing, act, do sport.
Inventor, building a new building.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
A definition of a word „ hero” says that it is a person who was charecterized by a unique mankind, unusual actions and a sacrifice for other people.
Each era has its own heroes, and even nowadays there are many of them. In our opinion, the hero, is somebody who does something for the good of other people. A good example are our parents who take care after us since our birth, they try to care about our needs. They take a great responsibility to bring us up for a good citizen of our country. The heroes are also the people who died a long time ago in order to allow us to live in a free and independent country now.
The people who with the endangering their lives help people in places where is the war.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
We call hero in today’s life for the people who sacrifice their life for the sake of the other people.
6. What role did revenge have in this epic? What about nowadays?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
1. What kind of role does the revenge have in the epic?
It is the expression of the rage. Akhilleus is motivated by fighting int he war. He revenges Hektor, than he outrages too. Helena is kidnaped, that’s why the Greeks take a revenge. The slavewoman, Briseis is taken away from Akhilleus, therefore he doesn’t fight from revenge.
2. What does Talio-principle mean?
An eye for an eye, tit for tat. Hektor killed the best friend of Akhilleus, who revenges himself on him.
3. Is the revenge lawful?
Yes, first we feel good after the revenge, but later we regret our action. Hektor had thought that Akhilleus was there, but he was wrong. Therefore Akhilleus don’t revenge himself on him lawful.
4. Does revenge today?
Today there are much less revenge, which importance is not so big like before. Today the revenge doesn’t take a life. Except 1-2 underworld actions.
5. What would you revenge yourself on?
Family, friends, ourselves or if they break into your privacy. Nowadays people don’t think in revenge. Max. they don’t talk to each other, they pass each other by they gossip about. Avenging needs 1-2 featchers like rage, agressivity, passion, determinity, hate, wickedness.
6. situation game (video)
You are a young girl, who was deceived by her friend. You know it, because you have seen them from the tram in the street hand in hand. You suffer, you lost interest, and you meditate ont hat how can you revenge yourself on him.
You call your girlfriend and tell her what happened. You tell her your plans. She incites you also she lays on one more shovel.
Your friend was never attactive for her. You meet your friend in the evening who comes home. You live together. You kick up a row! You carry out your revenge plan, you talk about your state of mind.
B version: you meet your friend and you discuss the thing calmly.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
The revenge has always a destructive power as the lots of the Heroes of Homer’s Iliad show.
Firstly, the desire of the revange was the reason of the war outbreaking between Greeks and Trojans. The jelous husband of beautiful Helen, Menelaus, couldn’t forgive Paris and set off to Troy to revenge the resentful pride. The war resulted in death, pain and suffering to both valour nations.
The second example was Achilles, the great warrior of the envy army Achaeas. He feels a desire for a revenge after the lost of the beloved friend, Patroclus, he decides to revenge his death. Full of tears he stands to the battle with Hector, his killer. He isn’t scarry of the rival, because he is sure that he will have the victory, and even if he was defeated, he would die in a rightful matter and would give his life away for a friend. After the won battle, he desecrates Hector’s corpse tying it up to the chariot and going around Troy. He decides not to give the Hector’s body to the family depriving him to have a funeral and condemning him to the migration after death. And here it comes to the confrontation between two enemies, Priam, the king of Troy and the great warrior, Achilles. Priam was a powerful ruler, but he was also an unhappy, despairing father who lost the last of his sons. His beloved son fell in the unfair battle because the Gods were propitious for his rival. Priam knows that Achilles has the corpse of his son and he wants to have it back. He decides with endanger his life to go to the rival’s camp and beggs for giving him his son’s corpse. Without the enmity feelings, Priam not only offers a payment for his son’s body, but also in an act of desperation he falls to his feet, kisses his hands, cries and bows. He asks him for a mercy for the sake of his father.
Achilles got very emotional when he heard about his father and when he saw Priam’s unusual devotion and determination. He told his slave women to wash and anoint the hector’s death body and gave it back to the father . Achilles realized that he did a great harm to the old man and how important is the ability of forgiveness.
Today’s world in which we live isn’t so ideal. And it was always. Nothing is only black or white. There are many hues of dullness. Everything depends on the point of view. In every human the good fights with the evil. However, the human’s nature allows the human to defeat the badness in himself and to nurture the good. How many times the revenge, hate and desire to rule is a much more observed element of our life than love. It is fascinating how many young people treat the moral norms with a distance and an ignoration. And to prevent it, we should form the ability to forgive and to climb down over own mistakes.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
Menelaus took his revenge on Paris who kidnapped his wife by setting on fire Troy City. Albeit,this event was just an excuse for Agamemnon who wanted to capture Troy. Furthermore,Odyssey took his revenge on Peramides by blaming him as a traitor and taking his life.Nowadays it is the same for us.People can do everything to take revenge.Many innocent people die because of wars and revenge.(Students were influenced by the war between Israel and Palestine.)
7. Do you believe in fate? Why?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
1. What is destiny?
Unavoidable fate, suffering, an upper power what directs the fate of people, it is uninfluencable.
2. Do you believe in destiny?
Yes, because there are such things that happen in spite of wish.
No, because we can put off the things some days. But we can’t change them.
3. Are there such things what are written?
Yes, for example when we win something or we succeed come to somewhere, where we meet other people. It is written when we die too.
4. What kind of fate do people believe in today?
In dreams, superstition, for example breaking the mirror, black cat. But somebody just imagine them to herself/himself. And she holds herself in fear.
5. What is your opinion about horoscope?
It is stupid, because it never comes true. Only personality featchures are true. People like to listen to it, because they get happier, it can relax them. They will be optimistic and expectant.
6. Tell me actions about destiny!
For example: somebody is sitting ont he uncontrollable falling plane, who is caring in it, that this was so written, because she/he dreamed it yesterday.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
The ancient Greeks believed that the lot of the human depends from the fate, a mysterious strenght, which determinates the whole human’s life. In the mythology we read that Moira, the Fate, hang not only over the people but also over the Gods. Together with coming the human to the world , the thread of his life started to unwind and what is interesting it was the thread already existing. It was like unwinding the wool from the ball or reading an already existing book. There wasn’t any escaping from the fate. It had to fulfil and the escape from it was impossible.
The fate hanging over every person and every God can be observed also on Iliad pages. The Gods can take a part in the Trojan War, they can stand by the Trojans or Greeks side, but they do not have any impact on the final lots of the war. If, accoring to the decree of the fate, Achilles has to be killed in this war, he would be killed and no intervention of his mother, Thetis, would help. She wouldn’t be able to hide him even in the Lycomedes estate in the woman’s dress. She can only help him by giving him the great shield made by Hephaestus.
The whole Trojan War is the result of prophecy and the fate, which this time afflicted Troy. When Hekuba, the wife of the King of Troy, Priam, had to give the birth to the son, she dreamt about giving the birth to a burning sail. The fortune tellers explained to her that the son that she would give birth to would be the reason of the extermination of the city. And in this situation parents decided to leave the child in the mountains. But shepherds regretted the beautiful infant and took care of him. Paris became a great young man. He was staying in the meadow when Hermes came to him and asked him to solve the dispute of three goddesses: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite about the apple with the writing „For the fairest”. This apple was thrown among them by the Goddess of Disagreement, Eris, when they were playing on the Peleus’s and Thetis’s wedding. Paris had to solve the dispute and the goddesses promised to remunerate him for the verdict favourable for them. Athena wanted to give him a wisdom, Hera- the power, and Aphrodite promised him the most beautiful woman on the Earth, Helen. Paris gave the apple to Aphrodite and said full of happiness that Helen belongs to him. But Helen was married. She was married to the King of Sparta, Menelaus. Paris didn’t mind this at all. He went with a visit to Sparta and he flirted beautiful Helena and he kidnapped her. They both went to Troy where he was treated as the found princess.
Priam and Hekaba accepted the new daughter-in-law, but in the deep of their hearts they expected unhappiness. They didn’t have to wait long. Menelaus called all the Achaeas to the war expedition against Troy. To the Trojan walls went also Achilles (who according to the fate had to die there), Odys, Nestor, Patroclus- a friend of Achilles and many other Greeks. The commander of the expedition was Agamemnon, the brother of Menelaus.
The war lasted for 10 years. They fighted everywhere. The heroes fighted toogether, then they rested. Homer described events from the Greek camp but also the mood among Trojans who were sure that their city cannot be conquered because the oracle stated that unless there is a wonderful Athena’s statue, Pallindron, in the inside of the walls, Troy cannot be conquered.. Odysseus, who was cunning, during the night in disguise got to the town and stole the Palindrom from the temple. In spite of tha fact that the statue was stolen, Troy defended very well. But when Hector, the bravest hero, died the hope for the victory wekened in the Trojans ranks. Finally, Troy was conquered and the prophecy fulfilled.
The above stories show how a great influence the fate has on an ancient human’s lot. And what about a free will? Did really no mythological hero do not want to tell anything abou his fate? These stories shows that the heroes wanted to use their free will in everyday life, they wanted to fight with the fate, to overcome the fate. Grappling with the fate is written in each of the story, and these grapplings are ideal examples of free will of the heroes. Each of them could only wait for the fate to fulfill, but they fought, they wanted to avoid tragedies.
The fate and the free will are the values which are opposite. However, in the life of the mythic heroes both are very important.
And what do we think about a fate? We, the pupils of the Primary School. We hear many times that we have to shape our lives. All the mass medias tell us about the necessity of shaping our own image, our own life. We believe in that, that we can do everything that we wish. We buy books which step by step show us how to achieve a success that will be the result of ourselves and only of ourselves. However, in the life of every person there are some moments and situations that can not be expected, they just happened. We do not have an impact on them and in these situations it is very important how we would accept this what the fate would bring to us. It is vey important to accept even the most difficult aspects of our lives in a way to keep the humanity.
However, there are many things that we have an impact on. And it doesn’t matter whether we believe in a fate or not. We can decide what school we are going to choose, what profession we are going to do or we can decide about having a family. We think that there are many things that depend from us and not from the fate that is written somewhere.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
Yes,we believe in fate.Because people are born in some circumstances(such as father-mother,the country in which they born,the time they born) and they have no claim to choose.They are a component of fate.Moreover,in spite of the fact that people want to get something,they can’t get the oppurtunity to have them and they can’t get in it. Nevermore,people have to put up with bad fare.This shows us that people are born with a definite fate.But,it doesn’t mean that human beings play a defined game that was written beforehand.Fate takes on a shape according to endeavours people do.
8. Is trick a means of cheeting? What’s the difference between deception and trick?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
1. What is the difference between deception and trick?
Really nothing, maybe the trick is the part of the deception.
2. What is the trick?
The trick is when you play others a trick, it’s an artful idea, a movement for decepting the enemy. There was long ago in the war, in boxing.
3. What is deception?
Somebody is mislead, like advertising, media, weather-forecast, finances-credit, counterfeit money.
4. Is cheating a trick? Give reasons!
For example in the war, when they apply trick, it can be a solution. This is not cheating, but the aim is the triumph. There is trick in sport too, what is the condition of triumph for example in football.
5. What kind of trick did you find in the Ilion?
With the wooden horse, what is made by the Greeks, because they can not get in over the wall of Troy. Troyans thought about it as a present. The Greeks híd in it and they came out at night. All this time the Troyans towed it within the walls. So they succeeded in occuping the city.
6. Could you tell me some other tricks from the Hungarian and universal history?
Our armytrick from the conquest is the surrounding military operation. We pretended escape, than we split to 2 groups, we turned back and slaughtered them. By the siege of Eger there was the fire wheel, fire pitch, women fought too. In Borogyino Napoleon found a leer city, moreover came the winter.
7. Find out a trick, you can occupy a castle with!
Our trick
Fact: in the castle there are 20 000 persons inside the wall there is a water-ditch.
We have 1000 head army with 300 bowers, 200 riders, 50 artillerymen, 445 foot-soldiers troops.
The time of the attack: 10 August
Holds on till: 25 October
Building of the tunnel: 21 July
Throwing in animal corpses: 21 July
Comenius castle
Plan of campaign:
- throwing in animal corpses
- building tunnel under ground to the castlewall
- explode the wall
- our 5 soldiers get in the castle in disguise before the explosion
- they will open the gate at night of the attack
Answer from the Polish pupils:
A trick is a kind of a deception, because its goal is to mislead the other person and it is a conscious action as in the case of a deception.
In our opinion it is diffiucult to find a difference between a deception and a trick, because in the both cases it deals with a conscious misleading of somebody for own advantage.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
Yes.trick is a means of cheeting.Trick means a trap to someone and play sb false.On the other hand,deception is to say something that is not real in spite of its being reality or to say something real in spite of it is not realDeception is made with words but trick needs a special mastermind and ability.
9. What does the pattern on Achilles’ Shild mean?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
Reading the text from the Ilion! Discuss it!
1. What is the man’s aim with the shield?
He can save himself, Akhilleus from his destiny of death. In turtle-formation they save other things too, and they can attack together.
2. Who made the protecting equipment for Akhilleus?
His mother, god Thetis.
3. Who prepares it for him?
Hephaistos, the limping smithgod, who made not just a shield, but he prepared armour, helmet and footarmour too.
4. What do you find on the shield?
- earth, sky, sea, sun, stars
- 2 nice cities
- shepherd with flock
- soft plough-land
- wheatfield, harvest
- grapegarden, vintage, luter
- straight-horned cuttle group, lion
- pastured sheeps
- dancing place: dancing around
- the rich deluge of the big Okeanosz
5. What does the pattern of his shield symbolize?
· earth, sky, sea, sun, stars: god area
· 2 nice cities: The Troyans and Greeks, there is opposite between the 2 cities. There is life and wedding in one of them. 2 armys stay in front of the other city. This 2 cities give power for Akhilleus’s army. It is sure now that Troy will be dstroyed because of the overpower.
· shepherd with flock: They steal the flock that’s why the fight brake out. This symbolizes the war too, the tension between 2 camps. Helena was stolen too, the fight broke out because of her. They want to take away, what is other’s, the wish of owning. The same applies by Agamemnon, but he wants Troy at any price. He doesn’t care about his army even if his army destroyes.
· soft plough-land: obtaining land, newer areas. The honey wine is the simbol of glory.
· wheatfield, harvest: harvest of the glory, the symbol of food. If you have food, you have everything.
· grapegarden, vintage, luter: pleasure of celebration and harvest. Celebration of the god of wine, Dionüsos, and celebration of life in one.
· straight-horned cuttle group, lion: it symbolizes the war where the lion is the Greeks, dogs are who don’t dare join to the Greeks, who fear from the attack. But the power of lion overpower the enemy.
· pastured sheeps: Greek in peace. There is no fear, just silence. They trust in success, triumph.
· dancing place: dancing around: they celebrate the end of the winer war. The homecomeing soldiers, who are going to the wedding realize how short life is. The crowd admire and respect them.
· the rich deluge of the big Okeanosz: Abundance and blessing.
6. Make our own shield! Write commentary to it!
Answer from the Polish pupils:
An inherent part of an equepment of every knight was absolutely a shield. A description of making an armour and a famous Achilles’s shield is in the XVIII song of Homer’s Iliad epos. Because Patroclus needed an armour and a shield, Achilles decided to borrow him his own. Then Achilles’s mother, Thetis, asked Hephaestus to make a new one for his son. The hero’s shield which was hammered by a divine blacksmith had a gun metal, a tin, agold and a silver in it. Hephaestus realized his masterly plan without a hand trembling, with a great precision, achieving a great goal. The reader has a feeling of making the shield on his eyes. Hephaestus was famous for having the ability of putting his life in making objects.
Hephaestus prepared five circular stabs from various stones, and each of them was decorated with elaborated images. Hammering the shield he carved different pictures by the same time. The scenes from Greeks’ life were predominated, however there were also descriptions of fights. Famous Hephaestus knew that the shield not only had to protect but also to evoke delight by his exterior side. Every stab was distinguished with an intricacy of made carvings.
On one of the stab there was a visible picture of the sky and the sun , the stars, the moon, the Earth and the sea. There were placed two Greek gardends. In one of them there were preparations to a wedding ceremony ,and in the second, the brave citizens defended their settlement surrounded by unfavourable armed forces.
The next picture presented the great field where the farmers worked. There was also a painting of a vineyard full of riped grapes on that shield. There were herds of bullocks overseen by the shepherds, and there was a clearing on which pageants of dancers danced. Among them there was a chorus singer.
The great report from making the shield transmitted also a message about Achilles’s power and position. Only an especial knight could carry the shield which was made up with five heavy, metal stabs.
The perfect shield and the armour which Hephaestus made, were extremely useful during the fight with Hector.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
Achilles’ instruments of war were given privately by the gods and they were so everlasting.This pattern means given by god and very steady.
10. What’s the difference between myth and reality?
Answer from the Hungarian pupils:
1. What do we call myth?
It is a legend, gods, demigods, heros, imagined persons, persons of myth are in thestory.
2. What is the reason for the Troyan war according to the myth?
According to the myth the reason of the war is a woman, who was kidnaped from her husband. The Greeks wanted to get the wife back from Menelaos, Helena. Paris was in love with her therefore he brought her with himself to Troy. This would the disaster of Troy.
3. What is the reason for the Troyan war according to the reality?
In the reality the main reason was the obtaining territory to enlarge of the empire. There was agricultural reason too and collecting slaves. For the kings their fame to live on.
4. What is the sense of the war according to the myth? Why?
There is no sense of the war but the responsible person is a woman. Destroying a city from revenge is too big of a victim – we think.
5. What is the sense of the war according to the reality? Why?
In reality it makes sense, because Greeks started and they won it too. It is true that they need trick to but they win. Troy is vanished from the face of the Earth.
6. Which team do you root for? Why?
For Greeks, because they are ingenious. Akhilleus fights with them, who is the biggest champion among Greeks. But because of a woman they didn’t have to travel there.
Answer from the Polish pupils:
A myth is a fantastic story, a story about Gods, legends, heroes and unnatural events, with the participation of these figures. Myths were aimed at explaining the perennial issues of an existance, world and human, death and life, good and evil.
The main difference between a myth and a reality is the fact that, as a definition says, myths were embelished with imagined details. The reality is the whole of things, matters that really exists. It is an appropriate assesment of life conditions.
Answer from the Turkish pupils:
Myth is the preternatural events that are believed to be lived in the near past by the most of the public.Reality is the situation or the event which is from the true life itself.